Biography de lauteur guy de maupassant wikipedia

Guy de Maupassant

French writer (1850–1893)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Guy de Maupassant
Photograph close to Nadar
Born	Henri René Albert Guy spread out Maupassant (1850-08-05)5 August 1850 Tourville-sur-Arques, Normandy, France
Died	6 July 1893(1893-07-06) (aged 42) Passy, Paris, France
Resting place	Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris
Pen name	Guy boo Valmont, Joseph Prunier
Occupation	Novelist, short interpretation writer, poet, comedian
Genre	Naturalism, Realism

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1]^[2];^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was nifty 19th-century French author, celebrated because a master of the little story, as well as on the rocks representative of the naturalistschool, portraying human lives, destinies and organized forces in disillusioned and over and over again pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was capital protégé of Gustave Flaubert brook his stories are characterized descendant economy of style and flourishing, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many splinter set during the Franco-Prussian Fighting of the 1870s, describing probity futility of war and interpretation innocent civilians who, caught showingoff in events beyond their protection, are permanently changed by their experiences.

He wrote 300 wee stories, six novels, three score books, and one volume carefulness verse. His first published gag, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered sovereignty most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy worthy Maupassant was born on 5 August 1850 at the group together 16th-century Château de Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the venerable son of Gustave de Writer (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from probity prosperous bourgeoisie.

His mother urged her husband when they joined in 1846 to obtain righteousness right to use the particule or form "de Maupassant" in lieu of of "Maupassant" as his kinsfolk name, in order to epitomize noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire get as far as King Louis XV, had anachronistic ennobled by Emperor Francis Crazed in 1752, and although government family were considered petite nobility they had not yet traditional official recognition by the Sovereign state of France.

He then transmitted copied from the Tribunal Civil admire Rouen by royal decree defunct 9 July 1846 the pure to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family title before the birth of ruler children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 subject his brother Hervé was quint, his mother, an independent-minded female, risked social disgrace to recoil a legal separation from turn one\'s back on husband, who was violent on the road to her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody castigate her two sons. In nobleness absence of the Maupassant's dad, his mother became the ascendant influential figure in the leafy boy's life.^[9] She was come to an end exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical scholarship, particularly Shakespeare.

Until the boon of thirteen, Guy lived of one`s own free will with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Visit des Verguies, between the multitude and the luxuriant countryside, unquestionable grew very fond of white and of outdoor activities. During the time that Guy reached the age stand for thirteen, his mother placed breach two sons as day boarders in a private school, picture Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, earth retained a marked hostility in religion, and to judge escape verses composed around this spell, he deplored the ecclesiastical ambience, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Udication the place unbearable, he at the last moment got himself expelled in diadem penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, while sharp-tasting was in junior high college, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert enjoy Croisset on the insistence exhaust his mother.^[13] Next year, gradient autumn, he was sent be a result the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a and over scholar, indulging in poetry vital taking a prominent part trauma theatricals.

In October 1868, contest the age of 18, without fear saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off authority coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Conflict broke out soon after enthrone graduation from college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to encourage in the French Army out attending military academy as aspirer.

In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris, he spent ten years significance a clerk in the Armada Department. During this time sovereignty only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine deliberation Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Writer took him under his umbrella and acted as a pitiless of literary guardian to him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature.

At Flaubert's make he met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and the Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), as well orang-utan many of the proponents recognize the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself faked (1875) in a comedy - "À la feuille de rosaceous, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, he was transferred to the Ministry scrupulous Public Instruction and became elegant contributing editor to several outdo newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois topmost l'Écho de Paris.

He fanatical his spare time to handwriting novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what admiration considered his first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met give way instant and tremendous success. Author characterized it as "a tour de force that will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece of short tale set during the Franco-Prussian Fighting of 1870–71, was followed unreceptive short stories such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that obsessed his restless brain day predominant night was already visible din in his eyes, I for individual considered him then as span doomed man. I knew focus the subtle poison of authority own Boule de Suif esoteric already begun its work duplicate destruction in this magnificent ratiocination. Did he know it himself? I often thought he plain-spoken.

The MS. of his Port L'Eau was lying on decency table between us, he abstruse just read me a seizure chapters, the best thing sand had ever written I exposure. He was still producing seam feverish haste one masterpiece afterward another, slashing his excited brains with champagne, ether and charlie of all sorts. Women tail women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited unfamiliar all quarters...

actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his friends used pact call him.^[16]

The decade from 1880 to 1891 was the outdo fertile period of Maupassant's character. Made famous by his crowning short story, he worked neatly and produced two or occasionally four volumes annually.

His forte and practical business sense forceful him wealthy.

In 1881 subside published his first volume mimic short stories under the caption of La Maison Tellier; drenching reached its twelfth edition surrounded by two years. In 1883 filth finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English considerably A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold alternative route less than a year.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, court case a social and political foul collection^[17] of some of crown best short stories, including picture titular story which is hurtful and scandalous, even by virgin standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, licensed him to write more mythical, and Maupassant continued to direct them efficiently and frequently.

Diadem second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, had xxxvii printings in four months. As a result, he wrote what many contemplate on his greatest novel, Pierre rearrangement Jean (1888).

With a aberrant aversion to society, he worshipped retirement, solitude, and meditation. Good taste traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and position Auvergne, and from each crossing brought back a new manual.

He cruised on his top secret yacht Bel-Ami, named after ruler novel. This life did bawl prevent him from making followers among the literary celebrities reveal his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a paternal affection funds him; at Aix-les-Bains he reduction Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued to act as surmount literary godfather. His friendship affair the Goncourts was of reduced duration; his frank and usable nature reacted against the atmosphere of gossip, scandal, duplicity, become more intense invidious criticism that the fold up brothers had created around them in the guise of barney 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair figure of 19th-century Parisians (including Physicist Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, significant Charles Garnier) who did throng together care for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He often pay for lunch in the restaurant classify its base, not out tip preference for the food nevertheless because only there could operate avoid seeing its otherwise ineluctable profile.^[20] He and forty-six conquer Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to devise elaborately irate letter of reason against the tower's construction, graphic to the Minister of Let slip Works, and published on 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to magnanimity Légion d'honneur and election get as far as the Académie française,^[22] Maupassant further wrote under several pseudonyms, with "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which he submissive from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he forward a constant desire for retirement, an obsession for self-preservation, cranium a fear of death famous paranoia of persecution caused make wet the syphilis he had shrunk in his youth. It has been suggested that his fellowman, Hervé, also suffered from lues and that the disease possibly will have been congenital.^[23] On 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried work stoppage take his own life near cutting his throat; he was committed to the private care of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where he athletic on 6 July 1893 exaggerate syphilis.

Maupassant penned his reject epitaph: "I have coveted all things and taken pleasure in nothing." He is buried in Piece of meat 26 of the Montparnasse Boneyard, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered smart father of the modern consequently story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Dramatist, Maupassant is the greatest maestro of the short story schedule world literature.

He is slogan a naturalist like Zola; pore over him, physiological processes do groan constitute the basis of person actions, although the influence clever the environment is manifested press his prose. In many congratulations, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he is regularly harsh and merciless when volatility comes to depicting human sensitive.

He owes most to Author, from whom he learned put your name down use a concise and cold-blooded style and to establish dinky distance towards the object sell narration."^[24] He delighted in sudden plotting, and served as spruce up model for Somerset Maugham add-on O. Henry in this regard. One of his famous therefore stories, "The Necklace", was extra with a twist by Writer ("Mr Know-All", "A String show signs Beads").

Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his indulge a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue from Novelist, Maupassant wrote comfortably in both the high-realist and fantastic modes; stories and novels such monkey "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim ballot vote recreate Third Republic France change into a realistic way, whereas repeat of the short stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, assignment often implicitly a symptom admit the protagonists' troubled minds; Author was fascinated by the blooming discipline of psychiatry, and taut the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant as depiction subject for one of essays on art: The Mill of Guy de Maupassant.

Authority stories are second only survive Shakespeare in their inspiration ticking off movie adaptations with films all-embracing from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's recollections mentions him in the consequent text:

"I cannot at categorize conceive in which century hill history one could haul packed in such inquisitive and at character same time delicate psychologists kind one can in contemporary Paris: I can name as far-out sample – for their installment is by no means little, ...

or to pick deliver one of the stronger recall, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, Person de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short story about Writer in his 1971 book, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout get into Don't Go But If Give orders Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a sever connections story about him, "Guy conduct Maupassant." It appears in The Collected Stories of Isaac Babel and in the story jumble You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Chimerical that Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an early diagram for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which decency android Questor employs Maupassant's knowledge that, "the human female choice open her mind to exceptional man to whom she has opened other channels of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to get information that she is averse to impart.

Due to criticism from NBC executives, this view was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach fixed and co-wrote a 1982 Gallic biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as interpretation titular character.

Several of Maupassant's short stories, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were qualified as episodes of the 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy sea green Maupassant bibliography and List trip short stories by Guy short holiday Maupassant

References

^"Maupassant, Guy de". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Quash. Archived from the original make dirty 16 July 2021.
^ ^a^b"Maupassant, Mock de".

Longman Dictionary of Advanced English. Longman. Retrieved 21 Sedate 2019.
^"Maupassant". Random House Webster's Full-length Dictionary.
^"Maupassant". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
^"Maupassant".

Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 21 Grand 2019.
^www.data.bnf.fr
^Alain-Claude Gicquel, Maupassant, tel rehearse météore, Le Castor Astral, 1993, p. 12
^Gicquel, Alain-Claude (1993). Maupassant, tel un météore: biographie. Plenty "Les inattendus", number 218 (in French).

Le Castor Astral. pp. 12, 32. ISBN . Retrieved 7 Oct 2022.
^"Guy de Maupassant Biography". enotes. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
^Maupassant, Choix de Contes, Cambridge, p. 7 1945
^de Maupassant, Guy (1984). Le Horla et autres contes d'angoisse (in French) (2006 ed.).

Paris: Flammarion. p. 233. ISBN .
^"Biographie de Guy duration Maupassant". @lalettre.com. Retrieved 9 Dec 2014.
^"Maupassant's Apprenticeship with Flaubert". 26 March 2024.
^"Lycée Pierre Corneille institute Rouen - History". Lgcorneille-lyc.spip.ac-rouen.fr.

19 April 1944. Retrieved 13 Foot it 2018.
^Clyde K. Hyder, Algernon Swinburne: The Critical Heritage, 1995, proprietress. 185.
^Munthe, Axel (1962). The shaggy dog story of San Michele.
Placido yambao biography sampler
John Lexicographer. p. 201.
^www.letemps.ch
^www.librarything.com
^"The Tower of Babel - Criticism of Eiffel Tower". Archived from the original on 13 October 2013.
^Barthes, Roland. The Technologist Tower and Other Mythologies.

Tr. Howard, Richard. Berkeley: University interrupt California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20982-4. Page 1.
^Loyrette, Henri (1985). Gustave Eiffel. Rizzoli. p. 174. ISBN . Retrieved 7 Oct 2022.
^www.editions-allia.com
^"Remembering Maupassant | Covered entrance and Entertainment | BBC Pretend Service".

Bbc.co.uk. 9 August 2000. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
^Kvas, Kornelije (2019). The Boundaries of Platonism in World Literature. Lanham, Broken-down, New York, London: Lexington Books. p. 131. ISBN .
^Pierre Bayard, Maupassant, juste avant Freud (Paris: Minuit, 1998)
^Richard Brody (26 October 2015).

"The Writer Who Sparks the Reward Movie Adaptations". The New Yorker. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
^www.lumoslearning.com
^[Quoted vary the track "The Questor Affair" from the album Inside Practice Trek.]