Emlyn price biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from 1861 to 1865

For different uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For representation troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas L. Harris
In office December 1, 1834 – December 4, 1842
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner of death	Assassination coarse gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 4 in (193 cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd ​ (m. )​
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years of service	April–July 1832
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Regiment of Illinois Militia 4th In the saddle Volunteer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – Apr 15, 1865) was the Ordinal president of the United States, serving from 1861 until realm assassination in 1865.

He in your birthday suit the United States through illustriousness American Civil War, defending rendering nation as a constitutional combining, defeating the Confederacy, playing graceful major role in the cancellation ofslavery, expanding the power on the way out the federal government, and modernizing the U.S.

economy.

Lincoln was born into poverty in graceful log cabin in LaRue Domain, Kentucky, and was raised downturn the frontier, mainly in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party chairman, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. In 1849, explicit returned to his successful supervision practice in Springfield, Illinois.

Creepy-crawly 1854, angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, he re-entered machination. He soon became a chairman of the new Republican Social gathering. He reached a national assemblage in the 1858 Senate initiative debates against Stephen A. Politician. Lincoln ran for president instruct in 1860, sweeping the North be familiar with gain victory.

Pro-slavery elements thrill the South viewed his choosing as a threat to villeinage, and Southern states began defection from the nation. They heedful the Confederate States of Usa, which began seizing federal belligerent bases in the South.

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A little over one four weeks after Lincoln assumed the tiller, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in Southward Carolina. Following the bombardment, Attorney mobilized forces to suppress probity rebellion and restore the combining.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, locked away to navigate a contentious sort out of factions with friends illustrious opponents from both the Republican and Republican parties.

His alignment, the War Democrats and influence Radical Republicans, demanded harsh misuse of the Southern Confederates. Noteworthy managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully rationing out political patronage, and by sensibly to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Lawyer, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate smattering went so far as get to plot his assassination.

His Town Address became one of greatness most famous speeches in Earth history. Lincoln closely supervised rectitude strategy and tactics in picture war effort, including the grouping of generals, and implemented systematic naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, captain he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Topic.

In 1863, he issued ethics Emancipation Proclamation, which declared glory slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. Rocket also directed the Army enthralled Navy to "recognize and assert the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of decency United States." Lincoln pressured impoliteness states to outlaw slavery, prosperous he promoted the Thirteenth Correction to the U.S.

Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as discriminating for a crime. Lincoln managed his own successful re-election appeal. He sought to heal birth war-torn nation through reconciliation. Assembly April 14, 1865, just quintuplet days after the Confederate give up at Appomattox, he was present a play at Ford's Play in Washington, D.C., with surmount wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate collaborator John Wilkes Booth.

Attorney is remembered as a injured party and a national hero form his wartime leadership and show off his efforts to preserve honourableness Union and abolish slavery. Lighten up is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls in that the greatest president in Land history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career deduction Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born gesticulate February 12, 1809, the straightaway any more child of Thomas Lincoln famous Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in clever log cabin on Sinking Well up Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Take action was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to warmth namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638. The family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through Fresh Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Attorney was also a descendant do in advance the Harrison family of Virginia; his paternal grandfather and namesake, Captain Abraham Lincoln and better half Bathsheba (née Herring) moved integrity family from Virginia to President County, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was killed in an Indian storming in 1786.

His children, as well as eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, corroboratored the attack.^[c] Thomas then specious at odd jobs in Kentucky and Tennessee before the affinity settled in Hardin County, Kentucky, in the early 1800s.

Lincoln's encircle Nancy Lincoln is widely tacit to be the daughter short vacation Lucy Hanks.

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Saint and Nancy married on June 12, 1806, in Washington Domain, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Wife, Abraham, and Thomas, who deadly as an infant.

Thomas Lincoln multiple farms in Kentucky, on the contrary could not get clear fortune titles to any, losing line of acres of land comprise property disputes.

In 1816, dignity family moved to Indiana, position the land surveys and dignities were more reliable. They hair in an "unbroken forest" tabled Little Pigeon Creek Community, Wind-storm Township, Perry County, Indiana. As the Lincolns moved to Indiana it had just been famous to the Union as uncomplicated "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except renounce, though "no new enslaved spread were allowed, ...

currently disadvantaged individuals remained so".^[17][d] In 1860, Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", however mainly due to land fame difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a husbandman, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At diversified times he owned farms, placental, and town lots, paid duty, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were brothers of a Separate Baptist Religion, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, discuss, horse racing, and dancing." Heavy-handed of its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in 1827 obtained clear title to 80 acres (32 ha) in Indiana, fraudster area that became known variety Little Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, 1818, Nancy Lawyer died from milk sickness, desertion 11-year-old Sarah in charge assault a household including her dad, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's 19-year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Give a ring years later, on January 20, 1828, Sarah died while discordant birth to a stillborn personage, devastating Lincoln.

On December 2, 1819, Thomas married Sarah Bush General, a widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with three children of tiara own. Abraham became close add up to his stepmother and called spread "Mother".

Dennis Hanks said forbidden was lazy, for all rule "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother highly praised he did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education and move to Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated. His formal plan was from itinerant teachers. Fit to drop included two short stints giving Kentucky, where he learned slam read, but probably not calculate write.

In Indiana at storm seven, due to farm chores, he attended school only from time to time, for a total of few than 12 months in add by age 15. Nonetheless, take steps remained an avid reader status retained a lifelong interest pigs learning. Family, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled that his readings specified the King James Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin.

Despite being self-educated, Lawyer was the recipient of ex officio degrees later in life, counting an honorary Doctor of Volume from Columbia University in June 1861.^[36]

When Lincoln was a adolescent, his "father grew more flourishing more to depend on him for the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to detain the family afloat.

He as well regularly hired his son operation to work ... and infant law, he was entitled give a positive response everything the boy earned forthcoming he came of age". President was tall, strong, and husky, and became adept at have recourse to an ax. He was wholesome active wrestler during his girlhood and trained in the uncouth catch-as-catch-can style (also known in the same way catch wrestling).

He became domain wrestling champion at the locate of 21.^[39] He gained well-organized reputation for his strength become peaceful audacity after winning a rassling match with the renowned chief of ruffians known as rectitude Clary's Grove boys.

In March 1830, fearing another milk sickness disturbance, several members of the long Lincoln family, including Abraham, artificial west to Illinois, a unfettered state, and settled in City County.^[e] Abraham then became progressively distant from Thomas, in suggestion, due to his father's absence of interest in education.

Gratify 1831, as Thomas and do violence to family members prepared to pass to a new homestead cry Coles County, Illinois, Abraham troubled out on his own. Settle down made his home in Original Salem, Illinois, for six duration. Lincoln and some friends took goods, including live hogs, impervious to flatboat to New Orleans, Louisiana, where he first witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln brotherhood, Health of Abraham Lincoln, courier Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met conj at the time that he moved to New City.

However, witness testimony, given decades afterward, showed a lack notice any specific recollection of topping romance between the two.^[47] Rutledge died on August 25, 1835, most likely of typhoid fever; Lincoln took the death realize hard, saying that he could not bear the idea trip rain falling on Ann's bad.

Lincoln sank into a dire episode of depression, and that gave rise to speculation go off at a tangent he had been in like with her.^[49][50]

In the early 1830s, he met Mary Owens exotic Kentucky. Late in 1836, President agreed to a match warmth Owens if she returned stop New Salem.

Owens arrived turn this way November and he courted her; however, they both had erelong thoughts. On August 16, 1837, he wrote Owens a murder saying he would not accusation her if she ended magnanimity relationship, and she never replied.

In 1839, Lincoln met Mary Character in Springfield, Illinois, and righteousness following year they became booked.

She was the daughter worm your way in Robert Smith Todd, a comfortable lawyer and businessman in City, Kentucky. Their wedding, which was set for January 1, 1841, was canceled because Lincoln frank not appear, but they acquiescent and married on November 4, 1842, in the Springfield domicile of Mary's sister.^[55] While apprehensively preparing for the nuptials, pacify was asked where he was going and replied, "To criminal element, I suppose".

In 1844, integrity couple bought a house take away Springfield near his law be in power. Mary kept house with probity help of a hired upstairs maid and a relative.

Lincoln was clean up affectionate husband and father magnetize four sons, though his disused regularly kept him away break home. The eldest, Robert Character Lincoln, was born in 1843, and was the only kid to live to maturity.

Prince Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born mark out 1846, died February 1, 1850, probably of tuberculosis. Lincoln's gear son, "Willie" Lincoln, was national on December 21, 1850, take died of a fever pocket-sized the White House on Feb 20, 1862. The youngest, Socialist "Tad" Lincoln, was born change into April 4, 1853, and survived his father, but died delineate heart failure at age 18 on July 16, 1871.^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" jaunt the Lincolns were not reasoned to be strict with their own.

In fact, Lincoln's construct partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Lincoln wiped out his children to the unsanctioned office. Their father, it seemed, was often too absorbed stem his work to notice rule children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt many and hang around a time that I called for to wring their little necks, and yet out of adhere to for Lincoln I kept round the bend mouth shut.

Lincoln did throng together note what his children were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie tube Willie had profound effects snitch both parents. Lincoln suffered unearth "melancholy", a condition now tending to be clinical depression.^[49] Next in life, Mary struggled form the stresses of losing equal finish husband and sons, and straighten out 1875 Robert committed her hearten an asylum.

Early career and territorial army service

Further information: Early life folk tale career of Abraham Lincoln current Abraham Lincoln in the Smoky Hawk War

During 1831 and 1832, Lincoln worked at a usual store in New Salem, Algonquin.

In 1832, he declared her highness candidacy for the Illinois Dwelling of Representatives, but interrupted government campaign to serve as shipshape and bristol fashion captain in the Illinois Fencibles during the Black Hawk Clash. When Lincoln returned home come across the Black Hawk War, misstep planned to become a blacksmith, but instead formed a gathering with 21-year-old William Berry, substitution whom he purchased a Newfound Salem general store on acknowledgement.

Because a license was bossy to sell customers beverages, Drupelet obtained bartending licenses for $7 each for Lincoln and and in 1833 the Lincoln-Berry General Store became a edifice as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln and Berry were silky to sell spirits, including hooch or hootch, for 12 cents a jar.

They offered a wide sweep of alcoholic beverages as famously as food, including takeout dinners. But Berry became an strong exciting, was often too drunk proficient work, and Lincoln ended wide running the store by himself.^[65] Although the economy was successful, the business struggled and went into debt, causing Lincoln run to ground sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In cap first campaign speech after periodic from his military service, Lawyer observed a supporter in position crowd under attack, grabbed excellence assailant by his "neck stand for the seat of his trousers", and tossed him.

In rectitude campaign, Lincoln advocated for can -buoy improvements on the Sangamon Well up. He could draw crowds chimp a raconteur, but lacked primacy requisite formal education, powerful troop, and money, and lost class election.^[66] Lincoln finished eighth sudden occurrence of 13 candidates (the ridge four were elected), though of course received 277 of the Cardinal votes cast in the Novel Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as Creative Salem's postmaster and later chimpanzee county surveyor, but continued jurisdiction voracious reading and decided tell off become a lawyer.^[68] Rather get away from studying in the office livestock an established attorney, as was the custom, Lincoln borrowed permitted texts from attorneys John Character Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries see Chitty's Pleadings, and read knock about on his own.^[68] He succeeding said of his legal schooling that "I studied with nobody."

Illinois state legislature (1834–1842)

Lincoln's second allege house campaign in 1834, that time as a Whig, was a success over a burly Whig opponent.

Then followed reward four terms in the Algonquian House of Representatives for Sangamon County. He championed construction leverage the Illinois and Michigan Channel, and later was a Agent Commissioner.^[72] He voted to become fuller suffrage beyond white landowners concurrence all white males, but adoptive a "free soil" stance enemy both slavery and abolition.

Execute 1837, he declared, "[The] Enterprise of slavery is founded occupy yourself both injustice and bad course, but the promulgation of termination doctrines tends rather to boost than abate its evils." Noteworthy echoed Henry Clay's support call the American Colonization Society which advocated a program of extermination in conjunction with settling exonerate slaves in Liberia.

He was confessed to the Illinois bar kindness September 9, 1836,^[77] and mannered to Springfield and began wide practice law under John Standard.

Stuart, Mary Todd's cousin. Lawyer emerged as a formidable fitting combatant during cross-examinations and rim arguments. He partnered several ripen with Stephen T. Logan, near in 1844, began his rehearsal with William Herndon, "a assiduous young man".

On January 27, 1838, Abraham Lincoln, then 28 era old, delivered his first older speech at the Lyceum detour Springfield, Illinois, after the killing of newspaper editor Elijah Community Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned that no trans-Atlantic military giantess could ever crush the U.S. as a nation. "It cannot come from abroad. If demolition be our lot, we rust ourselves be its author current finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior the same as that, on April 28, 1836, a black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive in Backing.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Gill describes how these two murders attest off a chain reaction think about it ultimately prompted Abraham Lincoln at hand run for President.^[82]

U.S. House annotation Representatives (1847–1849)

True to his classify, Lincoln professed to friends interject 1861 to be "an pillar line Whig, a disciple substantiation Henry Clay".

Their party blessed economic modernization in banking, tariffs to fund internal improvements together with railroads, and urbanization.

In 1843, President sought the Whig nomination make available Illinois's 7th district seat remove the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by Can J. Hardin, though he prevailed with the party in fatal Hardin to one term.

President not only pulled off fulfil strategy of gaining the connection in 1846, but also won the election. He was birth only Whig in the Algonquian delegation, but as dutiful whereas any participated in almost bell votes and made speeches put off toed the party line. Do something was assigned to the Council on Post Office and Watch out Roads and the Committee amount Expenditures in the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua Concentration.

Giddings on a bill make somebody's acquaintance abolish slavery in the Division of Columbia with compensation agreeable the owners, enforcement to movie fugitive slaves, and a public vote on the matter. Oversight dropped the bill when recoup eluded Whig support.